Low-intensity laser therapy improves tetanic contractions in mouse anterior tibialis muscle injected with Bothrops jararaca snake venom

Abstract Introduction Envenomation by Bothrops snakes can produce local pain, edema, hemorrhage and myonecrosis. However, standard antivenom therapy is generally ineffective in neutralizing these effects so that alternative methods of treatment have been investigated. In experimental animals, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) attenuates the local effects of Bothrops venoms, but the benefits of LLLT on muscle function after envenomation are unclear. In this study, we examined the influence of LLLT on the contractile activity of mouse skeletal muscle injected with venom from Bothrops jararaca, the principal cause of snakebite in southeastern Brazil. Methods Twenty-seven male mice were used. Mice were injected with venom (40 μg in 50 μl) in the right anterior tibialis muscle, after which the muscle tendon was exposed, connected to an isometric transducer and subjected to a resting tension of 1 g. A bipolar electrode was attached to the tibial nerve for electrical stimulation. The mice were randomly allocated to five groups: A – Control (n = 3), B – Venom 3 h (n = 6), C – Venom 9 h (n = 6), D – Venom + Laser 3 h (n = 6), E – Venom + Laser 9 h (n = 6). Results The two groups that received LLLT post-venom showed improved muscle contraction and contracture in relation to muscle treated with venom alone. Conclusion These results indicate that LLLT can improve muscle function after damage induced by B. jararaca venom.

Effect of low-level laser therapy (GaAlAs - λ660 nm) on muscle function

Introduction:Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is effective in preventing fatigue and in stimulating the microcirculation and cellular activity. In this study, we examined the effect of LLLT on injured tibial muscle in vivo by assessing muscle function during fatigue.MethodsTwenty-four male mice were used. Each mouse received an injection of sterile 0.9% saline solution (50 µL) in the right tibialis anterior muscle, after which the tendon of the muscle was exposed, connected to an isometric transducer and subjected to a resting tension of 1 g. A bipolar electrode was attached to the tibial nerve for electrical stimulation. The mice were randomly allocated to one of two groups: G1 (control: 3 h – n=8 and 9 h – n=5) and G2 (treated with GaAlAs laser, λ660 nm, 35 mW, 0.6 J, 17 s: 3 h – n=6 and 9 h – n=5).ResultsIn G1 mice, the amplitude of the tetanic contracture in response to induced fatigue remained unchanged during six consecutive tetani. The amplitude of the tetanic contractions in response to electrical stimulation (4-8 mV) was also unchanged. These results indicated muscle intactness in response to the load imposed by tetanus. In G2 mice, there was an increase in the amplitude of contraction after 3 h and 9 h when compared to G1 at 83% tetanus.ConclusionThese results indicate that exposure of muscle to LLLT enhanced the contractile force and increased the resistance to muscle fatigue without causing morphological damage to cellular structures.

Efeito do exercício resistido intradialítico em pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise / Effect of resistance exercise intradialytic in renal patients chronic in hemodialysis

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) quando submetidos ao exercício resistido (ER) apresentam substancial melhorias de muitas funções, em especial os relacionados ao sistema cardiovascular, respiratório, muscular e na qualidade de vida (QV). Não existem avaliações do impacto de exercício simples e factíveis em pacientes com DRC associada ao Diabetes Mellitus (DM) durante o período intradialítico. OBJETIVO: Estudar o papel do exercício resistido no tratamento e na qualidade de vida em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise crônica (HD). Assim, submetemos pacientes com DRC e DM ao ER durante a hemodiálise. MÉTODOS: Quinze pacientes em cada grupo: 1: DM com DRC submetidos ao ER; 2: DM com DRC sedentários; 3: DRC e ER e, 4: DRC sedentários. Avaliações durante oito semanas, com ER três vezes na semana. Avaliação laboratorial, teste de força muscular (FM) e QV (SF-36). RESULTADOS: O ER induziu melhoria na glicemia e na FM com discretas, mas significantes alterações na uréia e, K (p < 0,0001). Foi de impacto a melhoria na avaliação dos parâmetros de QV (p < 0,001) com o ER, como a Capacidade Funcional, o Aspecto Físico, redução das Dores (de uma maneira geral), Saúde Geral, Vitalidade, a Função Social, Estado Emocional e na Saúde Mental. Conclusão: O programa de ER (simples e factível) no período intradialítico alterou parâmetros clínicos, na FM e uma significante melhoria na avaliação da QV. O impacto na QV foi importante para o paciente, inclusive envolvendo melhoria em nível familiar e de relacionamento social quando submetidos ao ER.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) when subjected to resistance exercise (RE) show substantial improvements in many functions, especially those related to the cardiovascular system, respiratory, muscular and quality of life (QOL). There are no evaluations of the impact of exercise simple and feasible in patients with CKD associated with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) during the intradialytic period. Thus, patients with CKD and submit to the DM + RE during hemodialysis. OBJECTIVE: To study the role of resistance exercise in the treatment and quality of life in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD). METHODS: 15 patients in each group: 1: DM with CKD and RE; 2: DM + CKD sedentary; 3: CKD + RE and 4: DRC sedentary. They were evaluated during eight weeks, with RE three times a week. Parameters: Laboratory assessments, muscle strength testing (FM) and QV (SF-36). RESULTS: RE induced improvement in glucose and FM with subtle but significant changes in urea, or even in the K (p < 0.0001). It was an improvement in the impact assessment of QOL parameters (p < 0.001) with the RE, such as Functional Capacity, Physical Aspect, Reduction of Pain (in general), General Health, Vitality, Social Function, Emotional State and Mental Health. CONCLUSION: The RE program (simple and feasible) during intradialytic clinical parameters changed FM and a significant improvement in QOL assessment were observed. The impact on QOL was important for the patient, including those involving improvement in level of family and social relationships when subjected to RE.

Efeito da terapia LED (Light Emitting Diode) na mionecrose e edema induzidos pelo veneno a serpente Bothrops jararaca, no músculo gastrocnêmio / Effect of LED (Light Emission Diode) therapy on edema formation and myonecrosis induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom, on gatrocnemius muscle

Introdução: O envenenamento causado pela serpente Bothrops jararaca induz, de modo geral, um quadro fisiopatológico caracterizado por reações locais imediatas, com hemorragia, mionecrose, edema e dor, que não é revertido pelo tratamento com o antiveneno. Objetivo: Neste trabalho avaliou-se a capacidade da terapia LED (Light EmitionDiode) para diminuir o edema e a mionecrose causada pelo veneno de B. jararaca. Método: Foram utilizados camundongos wiss machos injetados com veneno de B. jararaca (2 mg/kg) no músculo gastrocnêmio. O edema foi avaliado nos tempos 3 e 24 h após a injeção do veneno ou salina. O aumento do edema foi expresso como a diferença do volume do peso úmido e peso seco, dos músculos tratados com o veneno, comparado com o volume do músculo contralateral (controle). A mionecrose foi avaliada através da quantificação da enzima creatino quinase no tempo de 3 h e da análise histológica dos músculos 3 e 24 h após a injeção do veneno. Os animais foram tratados com os LEDs (LED infravermelho, potência de 120 mW, À 945 nm, densidade de energia de 4 J/cm2, tempo de irradiação de 38 s e área of 1,2 cm2; LED vermelho potência de 110 mW, À 635 nm, densidade de energia de 4 J/cm2, tempo de irradiação de 41 s e área de 1,2 cm2) nos tempos: imediatamente e 2 horas após a injeção do veneno. Resultados: O edema muscular causado pelo veneno de B. jararaca foi significativamente reduzido pelos dois tratamentos utilizados: LED vermelho 20 e 11% e LED infravermelho: 29 e 19%, às 3 e 24 h respectivamente, quando comparado com os animais tratados com o veneno. O tratamento com o LED não modificou a mionecrose causada pelo veneno. Conclusões: A terapia LED foi eficaz em reduzir o edema muscular, no entanto, a mionecrose não foi afetada pelo tratamento com os LEDs. Desta maneira, a terapia com o LED pode contribuir, ao menos em parte, como uma alternativa ao tratamento atual, adicionado a terapia disponível com antivenenos, não efetiva contra os efeitos locais.

Introduction: Envenoming caused by Bothrops jararaca venom induces, in general, a physiopatologic reaction characterized by immediate local reactions, with hemorrhage, mionecrosis, edema and pain, which are not reverted by thetreatment with antivenenom. Objetive: In this work, it was evaluated the capacity of LED (Light Emition Diode) therapy to diminish the edema formation and mionecrosis, caused by Bothrops jararaca venom. Methods: Swiss mice had been injected with B. jararaca venom (2 mg/kg) in the gastrocnemius muscle. Edema was evaluated at 3 and 24 after the injection of the venom or saline. The increase on edema formation was expressed as the difference betweethe humid and dry weight, of the muscles injected with the poison, compared with the volume of the contralateral muscle (control). Mionecrosis was evaluated through the quantification of the creatine kinase enzyme at 3 h and by histologic analysis of the muscle, 3 and 24 h after the injection of the venom. The animais had been treated with the LE(infra-red: power of 120 mW, li 945 nm, density of energy of 4 J/cm2, time of irradiation of 38 s and area of 1,2 cm2; Red LED: power of 110 mW, li 635 nm, density of energy of 4 J/cm 2, time of irradiation of 41 s and area of 1,2 cm 2) applied: immediately and 2 h after the venom injection. Results: Muscular edema caused by the B. jararaca venom was significantly reduced by the two treatments: Red LED: 20 and 11% and infrared LED: 29 and 19%, to 3 and 24 t;respectively, when compared with the animais treated with venom. The treatment with the LED did not modify the mionecrosis caused by the venom. Conclusion: LED therapy was efficient in reducing muscular edema, however, mionecrosis was not affected by these treatment. In this way, the LED therapy can contribute, at least in part, as an alternative added to the available therapy with antivenoms, which are not effective against the local effect.

Centro de atenção psicossocial - projeto terapêutico - novas perspectivas para a saúde mental do município de Panambi - RS / New perspectives for the mental health of Panambi - RS

O trabalho aborda a atenção à saúde mental no município de Panambi, Rio Grande do Sul e as mudanças decorrentes da reforma psiquiátrica